The application of systems biology to the study of the smallest life forms has taken a leap forward with the announcement of £18M of funding from a new European programme to 11 multi-national projects
UK scientists are involved in ten of the projects, that range from understanding the biological pathways of extreme organisms living on volcanic springs through to studying a bacterium key to yoghurt production.
Systems biology is a new approach to bioscience that combines theory, computer modelling and experiments.
It is revolutionising how bioscientists think and work and will make the outputs on their work more useful, and easier to use in industry and policymaking.
Instead of using the traditional biology approach of observation and experiment, systems biology uses computer simulations and modelling to process results, design new experiments and generate predictive solutions.
The new European programme, Systems Biology of Microorganisms (SysMO), is being managed in the UK by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), which contributed with £7.4M to this initiative.
BBSRC is already a leading supporter of systems biology, having invested £47M in six centres across the UK in the last two years and launching £35M of initiatives to foster systems biology related knowledge transfer last autumn.
Professor Julia Goodfellow, BBSRC chief executive, said: "In order to remain internationally competitive in the biosciences, the research community must look to a future which is increasingly quantitative and data rich.
"We have to adopt approaches which enable us to look at the whole system.
"Using such systems approaches to study microorganisms, as announced today, will lead to both a leap forward in our understanding and also offer us real opportunities for developing applications useful for industry, consumers and patients.
"I hope that these multi-national projects will form the basis for future pan-European systems biology research".
SysMO aims to apply the principles of systems biology to studying single cell organisms.
The projects funded are intended to significantly improve our understanding of microorganisms that have important applications for industry or medicine.
Some of the projects funded are:.
A project involving UK, German and Dutch researchers to understand what triggers butanol production in the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum.
Butanol is being studied as a potential biofuel in place of ethanol and the research team hope that their work could lead to more effective fuel production.
The bacterium is closely related to the hospital superbug Clostridium dificile and the research may also generate useful countermeasures in the fight against hospital acquired infections.
Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme conditions unsuitable for most forms of life.
One SysMO funded project involving partners from four countries, including the UK, is planning to study extremophiles with the aim of understanding how their metabolic pathways are affected by temperature shifts.
The research will help both to understand how this basic biological function in organisms will be affected by climate change and also help to develop 'extreme' enzymes for clinical and industrial use.
A project to look at why small genetic differences cause stark and important differences in species.
Scientists in six countries, including the UK, aim to understand the differences between a group of highly-related microorganisms - Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes.
All have a metabolism that is able to convert sugar lactose into lactic acid but the first is important to industry for fermenting food, such as yoghurt while the latter two are a major contamination threat for food and water and a cause of toxic shock syndrome respectively.
The SysMO programme is funding a total of 11 projects running for three years.
It is being financed by the UK, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Spain.
