Emerging Diseases: What is the impact on the diagnostics industry of emerging diseases like Sars, asks Frost and Sullivan industry analyst Annabel Entress
The recent outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or Sars, in Asia and Canada sparked worldwide concern.
Yet the emergence of this new disease holds some amazing similarities with the emergence of Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (Aids) two decades ago.
Frost and Sullivan industry analyst Annabel Entress discusses how emerging diseases can act to spur on the global diagnostics industry.
A deadly disease sweeps over the population and causes global pandemonium, not to mention drastically impacting the world's economy.
Sound dramatic? Well, it is, at least in the short term for the global diagnostics industry.
While not guaranteed to be a long term revenue generator, the emergence of a new deadly diseases acts as a catalyst for new diagnostic development, bringing with it positive PR, kudos and perhaps even buoyed stock market value. The recent outbreak of Sars in early 2003 was reminiscent of the attention surrounding the discovery of Aids twenty years ago. While admittedly not on the same scale, both diseases are deadly. The lack of knowledge regarding mode of transmission, disease type and origin of Sars understandably caused panic.
In today's modern medical society it is unusual that a disease emerges that is capable of causing such rapid and unforgiving devastation.
Naturally, the first step towards understanding the offending organism was to sequence the genome of the pathogen. The first organisation to accomplish this task was the Genome Institute of Singapore.
That job done, a rush ensued to create a valid diagnostic, capable of rapid, accurate and reliable diagnosis for the quickest appropriate treatment.
In the case of Aids twenty years ago, there were not only debates as to who patented the diagnostic, but also who discovered the disease.
The two countries in question, France and the United States, eventually settled on an agreement that ensured both countries millions of dollars of royalty revenues per year.
In the twenty years that has passed, little has changed in terms of pure cut-throat business to protect patents, and although the potential revenues from Sars are not as great as those from Aids, companies have still rushed to the forefront of discovery diagnostics.
Amongst the big players to enter this year were Roche Diagnostics and Abbot Laboratories.
Roche developed its PCR based test very rapidly, working in conjunction with the Genome institute of Singapore.
The test is highly sensitive, according to Roche, and provides results in just one hour.
Abbott also showed an interest, with collaborative partners including Celera Genomics, Quest Diagnostics, and Artus, providing a PCR-based test for research uses in April this year.
The test takes just two hours to run and is based on samples taken from throat swabs, sputum or faeces.
Both kits are now available for research and use in specific labs.
Wider circulation will come upon full clearance of the tests, expected in about 18 months' time. Other players such as Focus Technologies, Eragen and Medarex have also developed diagnostic tests.
Of course this rush to develop a diagnostic test for the new killer is not purely altruistic. While sales of Sars diagnostics are not expected to act as a long term revenue generator for the diagnostics industry, (Roche expects to make a mere $10 million from its diagnostic test), the media circus surrounding the disease will undoubtedly bathe any company or institute working on it in a glowing light.
Not a bad thing, for some of these healthcare companies, where public praise is often thin on the ground.
Favourable public opinion can also reflect in the share price of the companies.
The stock charts of both Abbott and Roche looked to be entering into a decidedly unhealthy downward trend approaching March this year. With the announcement of the work on Sars, and they are hot potatoes again.
Without doubt, this may not be the only cause of such a turnaround, but it plays a part.
In a time when emerging diseases are holding the spotlight more than ever before - Sars, West Nile Virus, Aids, to name a few - it is a wise move to be fast to market.
