Instrument provides an integrated differential thermal analyser (DTA) and electrical resistance/impedance measurement capability within one instrument
Lyotherm provides an integrated differential thermal analyser (DTA) and electrical resistance/impedance measurement capability within one instrument.
It has been designed to measure glass transition (Tg'), eutectic (Teu) and melting temperatures relevant to freeze-drying formulations.
DTA measures the thermal differences between an analyte solution and reference material (typically water).
Any differences in thermal events are monitored throughout the cooling and warming cycle.
Raw data are exported directly into Microsoft Excel where the temperature differential between analyte and control solution are plotted against the set temperature.
Endothermic events may be attributed to melting events or glass transitions within a frozen formulation, while exothermic events may be attributable to crystallisation or molecular rearrangement phenomena, all of which may be pertinent to the freeze-drying behaviour of a formulation.
Electrical resistance/impedance measurements can provide invaluable information about the behaviour of a frozen material in terms of molecular mobility.
The measured conductivity data are exported directly into Microsoft Excel and plotted against the measured temperature.
The resulting plot can provide vital information as to the frozen state transitions that take place below the collapse temperature for a formulation.
When taken together, the information gained from the BTL Lyostat2 and Lyotherm instruments provides a comprehensive picture of the freeze-drying characteristics of a formulation, giving useful information on physical characteristics such as collapse and surface skin formation as well as quantifiable data on thermal behaviour.
